The Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes

Опубликовано 31 декабря 2017, 14:30

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This video is about how efficient various reactions are at converting mass to energy (as we know from the Einstein mass-energy equivalence of E=mc^2). Antimatter is very efficient but it is not naturally-occurring. Chemical reactions like fire or explosions are very inefficient. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are better, but not amazing on an absolute scale. Non-rotating black holes (Schwarzschild) and rotating (Kerr) are by far the most efficient, due to their accretion disks and very small radius of their innermost stable circular orbits.

REFERENCES:
Periodic Videos Hydrogen Explosion in slow motion: youtube.com/watch?v=qOTgeeTB_k...

CIA World Factbook Norway Energy Consumption: web.archive.org/web/2012012803...

Binding Energy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_...

Hydrogen molecular bonding: ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/...

Gibbs free energy of water formation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard...

Party Balloon Size Chart: broadwaypartyrental.com/wp-con...

Mass Excess en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_exc...

Table of Mass Excesses: nndc.bnl.gov/masses/mass.mas12

Deuterium-Tritium Hydrogen Fusion Energy Released: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=((de...

Hydrogen to Helium Fusion chain efficiency: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=(4(p...

Uranium-235 fission efficiency: wolframalpha.com/input/?i=(neu...

Black Hole Accretion rates: www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~ga...


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